1. What is Object Oriented Programming (OOPs)?

Answer : OOP is a programming approach where applications are designed using objects that represent real-world entities. These objects combine data and behavior, making code easier to understand, maintain, and extend.

2. Why we use OOPs?

Answer : OOPs helps manage complex applications by breaking them into reusable and independent components. It improves:

• Code reusability

• Maintainability

• Scalability

• Real-world modeling

That’s why most modern systems use OOP.

3. What is the difference between Structured Programming and Object-Oriented Programming?

Answer : Structured programming focuses on functions and logic, while OOP focuses on objects and relationships. OOP is better suited for large and evolving applications.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of OOPs?

Answer :

Advantages

• Code reuse

• Better security

• Easier maintenance

Disadvantages

• More complex design

• Slight performance overhead

• Requires careful planning

5. What is a Class?

Answer : A class is a blueprint that defines properties and behavior. It does not occupy memory until an object is created.

6. What is an Object?

Answer : An object is an instance of a class. It represents a real entity and occupies memory.

7. What are the main features of OOPs?

Answer : 

• Encapsulation

• Abstraction

• Inheritance

• Polymorphism

8. What is data Abstraction?

Answer : Abstraction hides implementation details and shows only what is necessary. It focuses on what an object does, not how it does it.

9. What is Inheritance?

Answer : Inheritance allows one class to reuse properties and methods of another class. It helps avoid duplicate code.

10. What is Polymorphism?

Answer : Polymorphism means one interface, multiple behaviors. The same method behaves differently based on the object.

11. What is encapsulation?

Answer : Encapsulation means wrapping data and behavior together and restricting direct access to internal data using access modifiers.

12. What are access specifiers?

Answer : 

• public

• private

• protected

• internal

They control how data is accessed.

13. What is meant by Structured Programming?

Answer : Structured programming is a method where code is organized into functions and executed step by step.

14. What are the limitations of inheritance?

Answer : 

• Tight coupling

• Deep inheritance trees are hard to maintain

• Not always flexible

15. Types of inheritance?

Answer : 

• Single Inheritance

• Multilevel Inheritance

• Hierarchical Inheritance

• Multiple Inheritance